Dating bay area near Taupo New Zeland

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Both trees were sampled to only a fraction of their radius, with ring counts dating to the middle of the 18th century CE GM1 and the late 17th century GM2. A prism was cut from the centre to the bark of the sectioned butt of a wind-thrown rimu Dacrydium cupressinum tree on the south bank of the Fox River, Paparoa National Park, on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand The resulting images were enlarged to facilitate ring counts.

No attempt was made to match ring width sequences between trees, as the objective was not dendrochronology per se. The time periods represented by the rings of each tree are only approximate, because we ignored potential errors such as multiple growth rings per year, years lacking rings, and counting errors associated with closely-spaced rings.

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Decadal samples were cut from the cores and prism at varying intervals c. Conventional wiggle match dating involves matching dates from samples separated by independently attested numbers of years for trees as recorded by annual tree rings to variations wiggles in calibration curves. If a statistically significant match is obtained, age bias is taken to be excluded The problem can be avoided, and potential circularity removed, by noting that wiggle match 14 C samples are related, to the degrees of certainty inherent in the ring counts 57 , to each other by a known number of calendar years.

The probability distributions of each calibrated age in calendar time are therefore independent measures of the calendar age of any other sample from the same tree. The date of interest for an eruption—that of the death of the tree killed by it—is the date of the last outer ring: this can be taken as the peak of the summed probability distributions for all the wiggle match ages, each adjusted in time by the ring count between the sample and that of the outer ring Supplementary Fig.

For the second Taupo wiggle match series of 25 14 C ages, the date of peak probability for the published ages was identical CE, Fig.

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Oppenheimer, C. Eruptions that shook the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Sigl, M. Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past years. Nature , — Grootes, P. Rapid response of tree cellulose radiocarbon content to changes in atmospheric 14 CO 2 concentration. Tellus B 41 , — Soter, S. Radiocarbon anomalies from old CO 2 in the soil and canopy air. Radiocarbon 53 , 55—69 Lowe, D. Radiocarbon age of the Kaharoa Tephra, a key marker for late-Holocene stratigraphy and archaeology in New Zealand. Holocene 8 , — Hogg, A. A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand.

Antiquity 77 , — Ferris, D.

South Pole ice core record of explosive volcanic eruptions in the first and second millennia A. Wilson, C. A new date for the Taupo eruption, New Zealand. Sparks, R. Radiocarbon 37 , — Revised calendar date for the Taupo eruption derived by 14 C wiggle-matching using a New Zealand kauri 14 C calibration data set.

Holocene 22 , — The volcanic, magmatic and tectonic setting of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, reviewed from a geothermal perspective.


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Geothermics 59 , — Hadfield, J. Hydrogeology of Lake Taupo catchment: phase 1. Environment Waikato, Hamilton, Froggatt, P. A review of late Quaternary silicic and some other tephra formations from New Zealand: their stratigraphy, nomenclature, distribution, volume, and age. Fergusson, G. New Zealand 14 C age measurements I. B 35 , — Google Scholar. The Taupo eruption, New Zealand I. General aspects. A , — Stratigraphy, chronology, styles and dynamics of late quaternary eruptions from Taupo Volcano, New Zealand. Radiocarbon 55 , — Barker, S. Rapid priming, accumulation, and recharge of magma driving recent eruptions at a hyperactive caldera volcano.

Geology 44 , — Beavan-Athfield, N. Environmental influences on dietary carbon and 14 C ages in modern rats and other species. Radiocarbon 43 , 7—14 Heather, B. The field guide to the birds of New Zealand.

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Viking, Auckland, Wakelin, M. Notornis 51 , — Moors, P. Giggenbach, W. Variations in the chemical and isotopic composition of fluids discharged from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Reid, J.

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Carbon isotopes in aquatic plants, Long Valley Caldera, California as records of past hydrothermal and magmatic activity. Bloemen, J. New Phytol. Gessler, A. Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves to the wood. Tree Physiol. Johnston, O. A comparison of the stable isotopic ecology of eastern, western, and pre-human forest ecosystems in the South Island of New Zealand.

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MSc thesis, University of Canterbury Cerling, T. Stable isotope ecology in the Ituri Forest. Oecologia , 5—12 The canopy effect, carbon isotope ratios and foodwebs in Amazonia. Medina, E. Oecologia 45 , — Heaton, T. Clarkson, B. The pre-Taupo eruption c. Saurer, M. Tracing carbon uptake from a natural CO 2 spring into tree rings: an isotope approach. Growth of Populus tremula on CO 2 -enriched soil at a natural mofette site.

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